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Texas Holdem Poker
Hold'em poker (also known as
Texas Hold'em) is the most popular poker game in the world.
There are three types of Hold'em games:
• Limit Texas Holdem
(there is a specific betting limit applied in each
game
and on each round of betting)
• Pot Limit Texas Holdem
(A player can bet what is in the pot)
• No Limit Texas Holdem
(A player can bet all of his/her chips at any
time)
The Game:
Hold’em Poker uses what
is called a dealer-button to indicate the theoretical dealer
of each hand. After each hand is completed, as with standard
poker rules, the button moves clockwise to the next active
player. This player will be considered “the dealer”
for that hand. Online poker rooms use what is called the Random
Number Generator (RNG) to shuffle a deck of cards for the
hand
How does it work?
The system generates a random
set of numbers, which are used to place a card of the deck
in a particular position. Once the complete deck is created,
the deck is used for that particular hand only. We shuffle
the deck of cards every time we start a hand, and the random
numbers previously generated are discarded and new ones generated
before the shuffle. The RNG code has been successfully audited
by BMM, Australia, and its integrity is verified daily. BMM
is one of the leading auditors of gaming solutions in the
industry.
The First round:
A fresh table starts of with
the first person sitting on the table becoming the dealer
and the next player posting the small blind. A new game on
a active table starts with the button moving clockwise to
the next player. The player next to the button / dealer is
required to place the small blind. The small blind is equal
to half the lower stake. This is a guideline for determining
the blinds and not a strict rule. However, as it is just a
guideline, the amount of small blind could be set differently
at the time of setting up the table.
The player to the left of the
small blind is required to post the big blind, equal to the
lower stake limit. In a certain scenario it is possible for
more than one player to post a big blind in a hand. This is
if a new player joins a table at which a game is already going
on. The player would get an option of placing a Big Blind
at the start of the next hand or wait for his/her turn (as
decided by the movement of the button) to place the Big Blind
in turn. All the blinds in Hold’em poker are considered
live bets and the players who posted them will have the option
of checking, calling, raising or folding when the betting
returns to their position.
After the blinds have been placed,
the down cards / hole cards are dealt to each active player.
In Hold’em, 2 cards are dealt to each of the players,
after which the first betting round starts. The player to
the left of the player who placed the big blind starts the
betting for this round. Each player will now have the option
to place his or her bets in the first round, which is set
at the lower limit of the stakes structure. For example in
a $10/$20 Hold’em game, value of each bet is $10 for
the first round. When we say the bets are limited to $10,
it refers to: a Bet (single bet) of the value of $10, so when
a user places “BET” then it is $10, “RAISE”
would be $20 – includes one additional bet and a call
on the previous bet placed by a player.
Bets can be placed by playing
any of the following options – Bet, Call and Raise.
Each player will also have the option to Fold. These options
are available to each player depending on the action taken
by the previous player. The first player (left of the Big
Blind) to act (in the first round) would get the Bet, Call
and Raise options. Subsequent players would also get the options
of Call and Raise. To Call is to bet the same as what the
previous player has bet. Raise action calls for raising whatever
was the bet/call amount of the previous player, and can be
calculated based on the value of the previous bet amount.
Every player participating in
the hand should place equal amount of bet as the previous
players (includes bets, calls and raises). Till the time all
the players have placed equal amounts in the pot, the betting
will continue. There is a limit on the amount and the number
of bets a player can place during a betting round, which also
would be considered during the hand. The numbers of bets for
a particular round of betting has been mentioned below, please
refer to the section on “Standard Rules” for the
limits on the number of bets.
After the first round of betting
is over, the Flop (the first three cards of the community)
is dealt. The community cards are common to all the players
participating in the hand.
The Second Round:
After the flop and in each subsequent
betting round, the first active player left of the button
is first to act. The second betting round also limits the
value of bets and raises to the lower limit of the stake structure.
So in a $10/$20 value of each bet is $10 for the second round.
When we say the bets are limited to $10, it refers to: a Bet
(single bet) of the value of $10, so when a user places “BET”
then it is $10, “RAISE” would be $20 – includes
one additional bet and a call on the previous bet placed by
a player. Bets can be placed, by playing any of the following
options – Bet, Call and Raise. These options are available
to each player depending on the action taken by the previous
player. The first player placing the bet would get the Bet
option (the player left to the Button). Other players will
get the Call and Raise options only.
After this the fourth community
card is dealt out – this is known as the Turn.
The Third Round:
The third betting round starts
again with the player left to the button, and bets and raises
are limited to the upper limit of the stake structure ($10/$20
game, $20 would be the upper stake). When we say the bets
are limited to $20, it refers to: a Bet (single bet) of the
value of $20, so when a user places “BET” then
it is $20, “RAISE” would be $40 – includes
one additional bet and a call on the previous bet placed by
a player. Bets can be placed by playing any of the following
options – Bet, Call and Raise. Combinations of these
options are available to the player depending on the action
taken by the previous player. The first player placing the
bet would get the Bet option (the player left to the Button).
After this the fifth community
card is dealt out – this is known as the River.
The Fourth Round:
The fourth (and final) betting
round starts again with the player left to the button, and
bets and raises are limited to the upper limit of the stake
structure ($10/$20 game, $20 would be the upper stake). When
we say the bets are limited to $20, it refers to: a Bet (single
bet) of the value of $20, so when a user places “BET”
then it is $20, “RAISE” would be $40 – includes
one additional bet and a call on the previous bet placed by
a player. Bets can be placed by playing any of the following
options – Bet, Call and Raise. Combinations of these
options are available to the player depending on the action
taken by the previous player. The first player placing the
bet would get the Bet option (the player left to the Button).
Some standard rules:
A maximum of four bets, which
includes one bet, and three raises are allowed for each betting
round per player. The term cap is used to describe the final
raise in a round since betting is then capped and no one can
make another raise. Once capped, players will have the option
of calling or folding only. Folding can be done at any stage
of the game. The action of folding basically shows the player
cards being moved to the dealer. The player from then on would
not be considered as part of the game. He/she would not have
any rights over any pots created on the table.
Apart from the fold option,
a player could also get the option of “Check”,
in which the player can pass his/her turn without placing
a bet. This option would not always be available to the player,
and depends on the actions taken by the previous player in
the hand. The player HAS TO equal the amount of bet placed
by any other players for each round in the hand.
Poker is typically played "table
stakes", meaning only the chips in play at the beginning
of each hand may be used throughout the hand. This means that
the player cannot get additional funds from the cashier while
he is in the midst of a game. The table stakes rule has an
application called the "All-In" rule, which states
that a player cannot be forced to forfeit a hand because the
player does not have enough chips to call a bet.
Exceptions to the value
of betting in each round:
A player who does not have enough
chips to call a bet is declared All-In. The player is eligible
for the portion of the pot to the point of his final wager.
All further action involving other players takes place in
a "side pot", which is unavailable to the player
who has already gone All-In. When a player goes All-in, the
pot currently at the center of the table, which has contributions
from him/her as well, is treated as the main pot, over which
the All-in player has rights. After the player goes all-in,
all the new bets are placed in a side pot, over which only
the contributing players have rights. The All-in player does
not have any rights over the side pot. The side pot is then
given to the next winning combination.
As this is a multi player game,
the players are expected to play within a set time frame,
the actions during their turn. Initially the player is given
10 seconds, after which there is a timer countdown, which
is displayed on the table for 20 seconds. The user goes all-in
if he has contributed some money to the pot; otherwise his
hand is folded in case he/she does not respond in time. The
system is intelligent in detecting if the player has got disconnected
or not. This means if a players gets disconnected and reconnects
back and he has some seconds left for his turn, then he is
given an additional 20 seconds to play his turn. But if the
player is not able to connect back to the table before the
time elapses, then the player goes All-in. All-in basically
means that the player is in the game, but would not be an
active player (placing any bets). Whatever pot is collected
till this time is referred as the main pot, and the all-in
player has rights (if he wins) to this pot only. After this
the money that is bet on the table is added to a side pot,
over which the all-in player does not have any rights (if
he wins).
After the final round of betting,
it’s time for – Showdown. This refers to the action
of deciding who the winner of the pot is and display of the
cards from all players (though this is optional for the player,
he/she need not show the cards). Five cards of the total of
hole and community cards are to be used for deciding on the
winning hands. A combination of the following may be used
:
- Both hole cards and three community
cards
- One hole card & four community
cards
- All five community cards (playing the
board)
On the final round of betting, the player who
bets first (or checks first if no one else bets) is required
to show their cards first at the showdown. If they have the
best hand, the remaining players may/may not show their cards
as they wish. The aggressors’ hand is only turned over
first if he was the last to initiate action on the river.
If two or more hands are the same ranking, the
winner is the one having the higher cards. For example, a
Flush with an Ace high beats a Flush with a King high. If
the poker hands remain tied, then the highest card not being
held in common (the kicker) determines the winner. The suit
order of the cards is not taken into account while deciding
on the winning cards. Should poker hands be absolutely identical
in ranking, the rule of poker pot distribution will be split
evenly between the two or more winning players. If there is
an odd chip, the winning player to the left of the button/dealer
will receive it. This applies to both play money and poker
for real money.
For all the four rounds of betting, the house
based on set rules collects a commission, which is known as
the rake in poker terminology. The rules set are:
The game play remains same for both No-Limit
and Pot-Limit Texas Hold’em game with a few exceptions
to the rules mentioned above:
In Limit Texas Hold’em a maximum of four
bets is allowed per player during any betting round. This
includes a (1) bet, (2) raise, (3) re-raise, and (4) cap,
but in No-Limit and Pot-Limit there is no limit to the number
of raises that a player can make. The only criteria being
that you cannot raise yourself, (i.e. if a player bets during
a betting round, then that player would have to be raised
by another player in order for him/her to be able to re-raise).
If all the other players in the hand only call or fold, the
player would not get an option to raise, because the last
raise was done by him/her.
Betting Structure for No-Limit Texas
Hold’em:
Minimum raise: The raise amount must be at least
as much as the previous bet or raise in the same round. As
an example, if the first player to act bets $100 then the
second player must raise a minimum of $100 (total bet of $200).
Maximum eligible raise: The size of your stack
(your chips on the table)
The Betting Rules for Pot-Limit Texas
Hold’em:
Minimum eligible raise: The raise amount must
be at least as much as the previous bet or raise in the same
round. As an example, if the first player to act bets $100
then the second player must raise a minimum of $100 (total
bet of $200).
Maximum eligible raise: The size of the pot:
The size of the pot is defined as the total of the active
Pot (which can be either the main pot or the side pot depending
on whether anyone has gone “all-in”) plus all
bets on the table plus the amount the active player must first
call before raising.
As an example, if the active pot is $200 and
the first player to act in the round bets $150 and the next
player calls $150, the third player has a maximum eligible
total bet of $800. The $800 total is made up of the $150 call
and $650 raise.
The $650 max raise portion is equal to the pot
of $200 + first player's $150 + second player's $150 + his
own call of $150.
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